Common symptoms are diarrhea, abdominal bloating and pain, as well as weight loss. Mechanism – not known for sure, but immunological reaction to the parasite appears to interfere with CHO absorption causing diarrhea and flatulence.The cyst has GalNAc as a major sugar on its wall. The replicative phase, the Trophozoite, stays in close association with the mucosa, makes and releases cysts into the gut lumen Þ stool. Life cycle – the Cyst is ingested, passes into small intestine where it excysts releasing the Trophozoite.Giardia Lamblia – a flagellate protozoan, primitive eukaryote (no mito, no peroxisomes, primitive ER and Golgi), a common cause of waterborne diarrheal outbreaks in the U.S.Flukes live in tissues, tapeworms live in the gut.The flatworms are split into flukes (Trematodes) or tapeworms (Cestodes).Flatworms: Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm), Taenia solium (pork tapeworm).Examples Roundworms: Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermcularis (pin worm).The worms are split into round (Nematodes) or Flat (platyhelminthes).The Metazoa are split into Worms (Helminthes) or Insects (Arthropods).Example Protozoa: Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium. ![]() Protozoa multiply in the body, most worms do not ( Strongyloides excepted).Parasites can be either unicellular (Protozoa) or multicellular (Metazoa).Mutualism – no definite harm or benefit to either.Commensalism – benefits one, but has no effect on the other.Symbiosis – benefits both organisms involved.
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